• In the isolated right atrium activation of muscarinic recept

  2024-12-18

  

  In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio

• br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on

  2024-12-18

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on neuronal excitability Adenosine modulates neuronal excitability via activation of the high affinity A1 or A2A, low-affinity A2B, or low abundance A3 adenosine receptors that feed into a multitude of different neuronal and astrocytic pathways (Blum et a

• We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine

  2024-12-18

  

  We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of papain injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are highly susceptibl

• By promoting bundling and processive elongation of actin fil

  2024-12-18

  

  By promoting bundling and processive elongation of Annexin V-Cy3 Apoptosis Kit Plus filaments and inhibiting association of capping protein with filament barbed ends, Ena/VASP family proteins contribute to the dynamics of lamellipodia and filopodia [41] and maintenance of focal adhesions and tight

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an

  2024-12-18

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic cell glucose receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. E

• br Oxidative microbe killing and V ATPase Oxidative killing

  2024-12-18

  

  Oxidative microbe killing and V-ATPase Oxidative killing of phagocytosed microorganisms is predominately achieved through the uptake of large quantities of molecular oxygen by the infected cell and the activity particularly of the NADPH oxidase complex on phagosomes (Savina et al., 2006) and the

• (+)- Corydaline While it is known that

  2024-12-18

  

  While it is known that circulating LDL-C levels are largely regulated by either controlling the rate of hepatic production of its triglyceride-rich precursor VLDL particle or the rate of LDLR-mediated LDL particle clearance [58], it should be noted that important differences exist between rodents an

• With regard to the first question subcellular

  2024-12-18

  

  With regard to the first question, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that BDK and PPM1K are clearly detectable in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic subcellular fractions, thus making it possible for these enzymes to interact with both the BCKDH and ACL substrates. The preferential presen

• Protein phosphorylation is an important posttranslational me

  2024-12-18

  

  Protein phosphorylation is an important posttranslational mechanism for the regulation of distribution, trafficking, and function of modified proteins (Wang et al., 2014). GluA1 phosphorylation at S845 also has functional consequences (Lu and Roche, 2012). For instance, S845 phosphorylation drove tr

• br Results Four HT esters butyrate caprylate

  2024-12-17

  

  Results Four HT esters (butyrate, caprylate, laurate and stearate esters) were chosen as representative compounds of increasing lipophilicity (Fig. 1). We will refer to them as C4HT, C8HT, C12HT and C18HT, respectively. They have been synthesized, purified and characterized according to our previ

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br

  2024-12-17

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion Introduction Free radicals produced by normal oxidative metabolism in the human body can cause chain oxidation of food, accelerate food deterioration and cause serious problems of food safety (Choe & Min, 2006). Excess free radicals

• In the present study a splice acceptor

  2024-12-17

  

  In the present study, a splice acceptor site mutation (c.1769-1G > C) was identified in AR gene from patients with CAIS. The c.1769-1G > C mutation results in replacement of the normal sequence (CAG/G) with a new sequence (CAC/G) at the splice acceptor site of intron 2. In the splice acceptor site r

• 5-ht receptors In the current investigation we

  2024-12-17

  

  In the current investigation, we studied the effect of propofol on prostate cancer cells. Propofol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the critical care setting and for the induction of general anesthesia and moderate and deep sedation intraoperatively. Recent studies indicated that propofol e

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Herein we have

  2024-12-17

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Herein, we have highlighted our current understanding of the role of the LKB1-AMPK pathway and its related kinases in β cell biology. β cell-specific genetic models have been particularly useful in delineating precise roles for individual family members

• AMPK is a central regulator of

  2024-12-17

  

  AMPK is a central regulator of cell growth, migration, metabolism, autophagy, and cell polarity [20], [21], [22], [23]. It is highly conserved in eukaryotes and functions as the primary sensor of intracellular adenosine nucleotides [24]. When intracellular ATP levels decrease, AMPK is activated to g

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