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Although BPA has been proven to cause many health
2021-04-26
Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues such as obesity and neurological toxicity (Rubin, 2011), the effects and mechanisms of BPA on the human tumorigenesis and cancer development are still not well illustrated. In the present study, we found that 10 to 10M BPA significantly promot
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Introduction PGE is a major mediator present
2021-04-26
Introduction PGE2 is a major mediator present at sites of inflammation [1]. It is well established that PGE2 contributes to the localized and systemic symptoms of inflammation. A key study by Portanova et al. [2] demonstrated that anti-PGE2 AVE 0991 were able to reverse the swelling and pain in loc
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When six chemical inhibitors were incubated
2021-04-25
When six chemical inhibitors were incubated with TRB or TRC and human liver microsomal preparation, HLM2, the results showed that ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor) was very effective in inhibiting 4β-C hydroxylation of TRB and TR, whereas sulfaphenazole (a CYP2C9 inhibitor) and quinidine (a CYP2D6 i
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A structural explanation for how RBR RING s handle their
2021-04-25
A structural explanation for how RBR RING1s handle their bound E2~Ubs differently from canonical RINGs has not been readily apparent. Only a few residue positions are strongly conserved in RING and RING1 domains, most of which are zinc-coordinating Cys and histidine residues. A key position in canon
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Total synthesis requires the two key intermediates and which
2021-04-25
Total synthesis requires the two key intermediates 3 and 7, which were synthesized using the route described in below. Phenylethylamine 3 was readily synthesized from vanillin or isovanillin; the overall yield was 50–52%. To prepare the intermediates 7, bromination of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate wit
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br Material and methods br Results br
2021-04-25
Material and methods Results Discussion Ligase IV is essential for the final ligation of DSBs through the NHEJ pathway. Its co-factor, XRCC4, has been shown to be important for increasing its activity and stability. Interaction between these two factors have been mapped to the linker region
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The first transcription factor TF known to
2021-04-25
The first transcription factor (TF) known to interact with one of the cis-acting GAREs is GAMYB protein, the expression of which is induced by GA in the aleurone Estradiol Cypionate of barley (HvGAMYB) (Gubler and Jacobsen, 1992). GAMYB is an important regulator of endosperm functions during seed de
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Mild cognitive impairment MCI is
2021-04-25
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) [1]. Approximate 15–30% MCI patients convert to AD annually. Although many efforts have been taken to prevent the conversion from MCI to AD [2], [3], there are few biomarkers to predict t
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One significant finding in this study was the overexpression
2021-04-25
One significant finding in this study was the overexpression of a protein identified as LysM domain/BON superfamily protein [29], [30]. This protein was highly overexpressed in the meropenem-treated condition. InterProScan analysis revealed that the LysM domain/BON superfamily protein consisted of t
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported
2021-04-25
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the European Committee Fifth Framework Project QLK5-1999-01360. We are grateful to Dr. T.T. Hoang for the provision of plasmids pEX18Tc, pPS858 and pFLP2, Prof. B.L. Wanner for providing us with the plasmid pKD4 and related strains, and Prof. P. Soucail
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In contrast to AChE BuChE Table exhibited a
2021-04-25
In contrast to AChE, BuChE (Table 2) exhibited a measurable time-dependent inactivation only with Antagonist G sale 2 among the four acetophenones in this study. Values of Ki obtained from steady-state inhibition of BuChE by all four acetophenones were, as noted in the Results, 10- to 200-fold grea
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br Materials and methods br
2021-04-25
Materials and methods Results Discussion The effect of progestogen treatment showed some tendencies affecting the body length and weight, however these data were not verifiable statistically. This observation could be explained with the relatively short exposure period and/or the relatively
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br Clinical studies br Practical implications
2021-04-25
Clinical studies Practical implications for young women Conclusion Research on the oncogenic mechanism of hormones has advanced dramatically in the latter years. The finding that progestogens are more powerful determinants of risk than estrogens in breast cancer has been added to advances i
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Finally we have determined for the
2021-04-25
Finally, we have determined for the first time that aromatase enzyme activity is necessary to observe IGF-1-dependent rotenone receptor activation. Neuroestrogen synthesis has been shown to be important for the maintenance of synaptic spine density in hippocampal slice cultures (Kretz et al., 2004)
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br Genomic and non genomic signaling crosstalk As exemplifie
2021-04-25
Genomic and non-genomic signaling crosstalk As exemplified in the previous sections, it is evident that the mechanisms of action of estrogen in the various cell targets represent a combination of complex multifactorial processes. Besides the independent genomic and non-genomic pathways described
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