• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgements br

  2020-11-09

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Spending their last days on earth having already lost many cognitive functions remains a major fear of elderly people. Although during the last century their lifespans increased, the so-called “old-age diseases” became more and mo

• RCT pathway plays a critical role

  2020-11-09

  

  RCT pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis by facilitating the cholesterol clearance and cholesterol efflux (Levinson & Wagner, 2015). In the process of RCT, ABCA1 and ABCG1 played as crucial regulators in cholesterol efflux (Yasuda et al., 2011). Compared with h

• br Dienogest DNG Dienogest is a nortestosterone derivative w

  2020-11-09

  

  Dienogest (DNG) Dienogest is a 19-nortestosterone derivative with two special structural changes [Fig. 1a]: [a] At the cabon-17 position there is a cyanomethyl group instead of an ethinyl group; [b] A double bond is present between carbons 9 and 10. DNG is the only progestogen that combines prope

• rora Recent studies have reported that

  2020-11-09

  

  Recent studies have reported that miR-454 plays an important role in various cellular processes and diseases, such as inflammation, infection, osteogenic differentiation, and cancers [25,27,29,30]. Multiple evidence has documented that miR-454 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and

• br Funding This work was supported

  2020-11-09

  

  Funding This work was supported by intramural funding of the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen. Acknowledgments Introduction Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a central second messenger that controls a plethora of vital functions.

• Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic

  2020-11-09

  

  Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic proteins. They are metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate [18]. Eubacteria and archaebacteria have a single enolase gene (reviewed in [19]). Despite the lack of signal peptides or cognate pro

• To further define the importance

  2020-11-09

  

  To further define the importance of CYP3A for OSC metabolism in vivo, a strong CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole was used to test whether CYP3A would affect its metabolism. As expected, the biotransformation of OSC to SC was significantly decreased by ketoconazole at all three substrate concentrations. H

• As mentioned above EBI and

  2020-11-09

  

  As mentioned above, EBI2 and its ligand show some similarities to the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P-receptor system, which mediates T cell egress from lymph nodes. Blockade of this system yielded in the first oral drug for MS patients named fingolimod. Therefore, the hope that EBI2 deficiency wo

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgment br

  2020-11-09

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgment Introduction The role of cholesterol metabolism during multiple sclerosis (MS) is debated and the underlying physiopathology largely unknown. Dyslipidaemia is associated with worsening inflammatory activity and MS disease progression [1], [2], [3]. In the mouse mo

• ataluren br Concluding remarks and prospective Cardiac prote

  2020-11-09

  

  Concluding remarks and prospective Cardiac proteinopathy, a more common disease condition and more frequent cause of cardiomyocyte decay than previously thought, is largely neglected and no effective therapy exists yet. Protein quality control and protein degradation via autophagy or the ubiquiti

• br As mentioned above defects in the DNA ligase III

  2020-11-06

  

  As mentioned above, defects in the DNA ligase IIIα-interacting protein TDP1 have been identified as the cause of the hereditary neurodegenerative disease, spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy 1 (El-Khamisy et al., 2005). In addition, defects in two other DNA repair proteins, aprataxin and

• In the gel shown in Figure at early time

  2020-11-06

  

  In the gel shown in Figure 8, at early time-points, 14% of the input dsDNA is converted to these intermediate species. These persist in the gel to later times, with approximately 50% of these being unwound. This unwinding occurs at a considerably slower rate and is due to that fraction of the popula

• Several of the keloid like lesions

  2020-11-06

  

  Several of the keloid-like lesions seen in these individuals were pigmented. It is of potential relevance that genetic variants in DDR1 [MIM: 600408] have been associated with vitiligo, and DDR1 activation is involved when Emodin are attached to collagen-IV fibers. Because DDR1 and DDR2 are paralog

• Several reports by us and

  2020-11-06

  

  Several reports by us and others have highlighted that dimerization or oligomerization of DDR1 ECD and DDR2 ECD enhances their binding to triple-helical collagen.18, 19, 22, 28, 29, 30, 31 The ECD of DDRs consists of a discoidin domain and a stalk region. It has been reported that independent Etomox

• Studies carried out with LTRAs before the

  2020-11-06

  

  Studies carried out with LTRAs before the identification of the CysLT2R, showed a controversial picture, as results that suggest a role for cysteinyl-LTs in the expansion of ischemic damage and in cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion [5], [68], [69] were evenly balanced by others suggesting that t

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