• Kim et al found that hydroxydopamine OHDA promoted the

  2024-11-04

  

  Kim et al. (2013) found that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) promoted the atrophy of dopaminergic neurons associated with the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), the translocation of apoptosis inductor factor (AIF) and the depletion of ATP. An increase in p-AMPK and pS6K (upstream kinase o

• br Materials and methods br Results Table presents

  2024-11-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Table 1 presents the metabolic phenotype of obese minipigs. After 60 d of HFHS feeding, minipigs not only showed an increased body weight (+45%), but also a perturbed GNE-617 homeostasis, with higher insulin levels (about +2-fold), HOMA-IR (+5.5-fold), and HOMA-%

• We next developed a system for staging severity Our guiding

  2024-11-04

  

  We next developed a system for staging severity. Our guiding principles were the following. Two types of information about the research participant are staged independently from each other: (1) grading disease severity using biomarkers and (2) grading the severity of cognitive impairment. Measures u

• br Special report Financial and

  2024-11-04

  

  Special report – Financial and personal benefits of early diagnosis Acknowledgments The Alzheimer’s Association acknowledges the contributions of Joseph Gaugler, Ph.D., Bryan James, Ph.D., Tricia Johnson, Ph.D., Allison Marin, Ph.D., and Jennifer Weuve, M.P.H., Sc.D., in the preparation of 201

• For patients who have taken advantage of the anti

  2024-11-04

  

  For patients who have taken advantage of the anti-TKIs and whose follow-up has been succeeded, some partial response has been noticed with 45% (9/20) for gefitinib, 39% (9/23) for erlotinib and 56.5% (13/23) for crizotinib. A disease progression has also been observed with 35% (7/20) for gefitinib,

• Interestingly hypoxia and an enhanced

  2024-11-04

  

  Interestingly, hypoxia and an enhanced Warburg effect ultimately lead to increased lactate production. The accumulation of lactate results in an acidic tumor microenvironment, which induces local inflammation. Lactate also promotes the polarization of macrophages that express immunosuppressive argin

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-11-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Very few ARF inhibitors have been developed to study the key functions these small GTP-binding proteins play in pathophysiology. The natural compound Brefeldin A (BFA) has exhibited drastic effects in cells such as collapse of the Golgi because of it

• The present study showed for the first time that

  2024-11-01

  

  The present study showed, for the first time, that hirsutine, hirsuteine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine in yokukansan can inhibit the 5-HT3 receptor current. These data indicate that part of the effect of yokukansan against the behavioral and psychological symp

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments br Introduction To die or

  2024-11-01

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments Introduction To die or not to die – that is the question. Christian de Duve created the word “autophagy” in 1960’s for the first time (Klionsky et al., 2016). The word “autophagy” was derived from the Greek roots “auto” (self) and “phagy” (eating) and referred to

• Previously using a P lacZ reporter gene system it

  2024-11-01

  

  Previously, using a P-lacZ reporter gene system, it has been shown that the β-galactosidase activity was 9-fold higher in the stationary phase LAQ824 when compared with those of the exponential phase [15]. Furthermore, inositol supplementation did not have a major effect on the expression of β-gala

• br ACL A Metabolic Checkpoint for Sensing

  2024-11-01

  

  ACL: A Metabolic Checkpoint for Sensing Excess Nutrients? During normal transitions between fasting and feeding, cells maintain energy homeostasis by integrating energy and nutrient status signals at key metabolic nodes, coordinating multiple processes. For example, the AMP-activated protein kina

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2024-11-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Despite the relative complexity of immunotherapy, such treatment may have an important role, in conjunction with other therapies in the treatment of cancer refractory to conventional treatments alone. Clinical studies have recently shown that adding

• The downstream targets of ATR involved in mediating human te

  2024-11-01

  

  The downstream targets of ATR involved in mediating human telomerase recruitment have not yet been identified. Under stalled fork conditions, activated ATR is able to phosphorylate and activate ATM (Stiff et al., 2006, and Figures 4C and 4D); whether this 1670 of ATM participates in a positive feed

• Findings of the present study provide a molecular mechanism

  2024-11-01

  

  Findings of the present study provide a molecular mechanism for the elevated ASK1 expression in obesity and how it may be functionally linked to whole-body insulin resistance. The role our findings assign to increased E2F1 in upregulating ASK1 parallels the capacity of this transcription factor to r

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2024-11-01

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling system that regulates diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [1]. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (A

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